Measles

I read about this in the '80's....when I was doing research on vaccine damage after my son, John, became autistic... It seemed that some Swedish Pediatric Oncologists were noticing that when children with leukemia experienced the "9 day measles" (Rubeola) they were no longer suffering the immune deficiency disease that is "leukemia"... I also read the POLIO actually prevents arthritic diseases in later years... And we all know about the fact that the Rubella vaccine has cause juvenile rheumatoid arthritis..... Could it be that experiencing the German Measles could truly prevent or even lower the chances of rheumatoid arthritis???!!!

   From: Meryl Dorey <meryl@avn.org.au
Subject: Measles Virus to treat cancer!

For years, studies have shown that natural infection with measles virus reduces the risks of cancer in later life. Now, there are studies showing   that treating cancer in mice with measles virus works. When are they going to wake up????

   Cancer Res. 2003 Oct 1;63(19):6463-8. Related Articles, Links

Neutrophils Contribute to the Measles Virus-induced Antitumor Effect:   Enhancement by Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor Expression.

Grote D, Cattaneo R, Fielding AK.

Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.

To investigate the contribution of a neutrophil response to the oncolytic effect of replicating attenuated measles virus (MV), MVs expressing murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were generated. The growth characteristics and kinetics of GM-CSF production of these viruses were characterized in vitro. Their biological effects were characterized in mice transgenic for the MV receptor CD46. The oncolytic efficacy of MV GM-CSF was then compared with that of a parental MV and a control, UV-irradiated MV using a human lymphoid tumor model in immunodeficient mice. Intratumoral injection of MV resulted in significant tumor regression or slowing of progression compared with injection of the control. Injection of MV GM-CSF further enhanced the oncolytic effect. In additional experiments, the cellular response to MV, MV GM-CSF, recombinant murine GM-CSF alone, or untreated tumors was quantified. The predominant response was an influx of neutrophils. Intratumoral natu ophages were not detected. The magnitude of the neutrophil response correlated well with tumor regression. Our studies suggest that therapy with replicating MV stimulates a strong neutrophil antitumor response, which can be cytokine-enhanced to improve oncolysis.

Does systematic Vaccination give health to people?

Anita Petek-Dimmer
founder of Aegis Switzerland

2002
Vaccination is an established medical measure worldwide. Vaccines are so established that any doubts, let alone criticism, are not allowed. Many mothers and even medical professional can confirm this. Vaccination was invented during the time of the great epidemics, when human kind, especially medical professionals, had to watch powerlessly how whole towns were wiped out by epidemics. In those days, as is still habit today, doctors tried desperately to find a prophylaxis instead of finding the cause of these diseases. Vaccines were developed from this attempt to find a prophylaxis. The picture looks different today. Not only have plague or cholera epidemics been long gone, a different relationship has been established between people in the industrialized countries and diseases, compared to earlier generations.

Today we grow up in an environment in which illness is an annoying break from routine, in the economy as well as medicine. Not only us adults are expected that we return to work, recovered, within a few days, but children are not allowed to be ill and stay in bed either. We are seen as machines, which have to constantly function equally well all the time. And since it is possible to avoid diseases, it is being practiced. Vaccines are part of this strategy.

What we need today is not constantly new vaccines against newly found diseases; instead, we need a new relationship to diseases in general. We have to relearn to accept illness as a normal part of life. The machine that never falls ill controls our thinking. And we tend to forget that this machine eventually has to be exchanged. However, the human being has powers of life and regeneration, which by far compensate for the apparent disadvantage of a temporary illness.

Not only us parents, but also especially the medical profession equate illness with complications. The fact that, say, only a very small proportion would suffer encephalitis when contracting measles, whereas with all others this disease runs its course wholly uneventful, has been forgotten. Today we know that childhood diseases have a strengthening and healing effect on the children and help maintain health during adulthood. This fact has always been known to older generations.

This is clearest with measles. Chronic tendencies, such as recurring respiratory infections 1, often heal after measles. Chronic health problems disappear, such as psoriasis or chronic kidney problems. The children's hospital in Basle (Switzerland) used to get children with chronic kidney infections to contract measles intentionally in order to heal them, up until the 1960s 2. Children susceptible to infections are healthier and stronger after contracting measles; the need for medical treatment clearly decreases 3. Children in the Third World countries are less likely to contract malaria and parasites after measles 4. The risk to suffer breast cancer decreases to less than half 5. MS is also much lower in people who had measles 6. Hay fever is more rare in children who have older siblings and had measles than in those who were vaccinated against measles 7. A large African study showed that children who have had measles are 50% less at risk from allergies than those vaccinated 8,9. Furthermore it is shown that experiencing measles protects from diseases of the immune system, skin diseases as well as degenerative cartilage, bone and tumourous diseases 10.

English and American researchers also found that adult women are less likely to contract ovarian cancer if they had measles, mumps, but especially rubella during childhood. These are just rays of light. In detail, the protective effects after childhood diseases are far greater. Parents who accompanied their child through a childhood disease and who noticed the change will know what I am talking about. If we look at the epidemiological situation of all childhood diseases we must say that the introduction of these particular vaccines were not indicated in any country at any time. These diseases neither led to bad or frequent complications nor did they occur that often. In the contrary, before these vaccines were introduced, infants were protected through the nest protection of the mother, and the vast majority of these diseases happened before puberty. Just as nature had intended.

We managed, through our interference with nature, to move these diseases into either infancy, due to the lack of nest protection of the mother, or into teenage and adult age. And there these diseases can be incomparably more problematic. This extrusion of the diseases into an older age has nothing to do with a "protection" or good efficacy of the vaccination, but the overall organism of the vaccinated person is weakened permanently and unable to react, so that the vaccinated does not have the strength to allow the disease to happen by itself 11.

Mass vaccinations of all infants have destroyed the natural and steady contagion to such an effect that epidemics can occur again, as we can observe in countries with a high vaccination rate, such as USA and Finland. Complications and death are incomparably more frequent than before the introduction of mass vaccination. The encephalitis rate after measles has since risen ten-fold in the US 12.

With regard to the HIB vaccine, it is always suggested to us, that thanks to the vaccine many cases of meningitis are avoided. However, the fact that before the introduction of this vaccine this was not a notifiable disease is never mentioned, and therefore the number of cases is not known.

According to studies in Bavaria (Germany) and Finland, the total number of meningitis cases however did not decrease, to the contrary 13,14,15. Today, an increasing number of meningitis cases are reported caused by meningococcal B and C. Anthroposophical doctors talk about a shift of the virus in this context. Instead of recognizing the cause and make right decisions now, it's business as usual, that is new vaccines are being developed for new diseases. We have lost the ability to deal with diseases. Instead of strengthening our and our children's immune system, we fight fever and practice an intensive treatment of symptoms. However, fever is one of the most important processes that take place in our body.

On the basis of observations by the Vienna surgeon Professor Schmidt, which took place over decades in his practice 16, studies in the last 100 years have shown consistently that people who experienced childhood diseases accompanied by fever were less likely to suffer from cancer in later life 17, 18,19,20.

Therefore, an avoidance of childhood diseases is not sensible, but the avoidance of complications. Other infectious diseases, such as polio, diphtheria, cholera, etc. no longer occur as epidemics because we have improved living standards, hygiene, diet and sanitation in our part of the world.

Today's common vaccines cannot avoid childhood diseases nor their complications, as can be seen with the various epidemics where mainly the vaccinated come down with the disease. I will get back to this later. Even if the vaccines gave us 100% protection from the illness, we would have to decline them for epidemiological reasons, especially with regard to childhood diseases.

Constant lack of challenge as well as untimely over challenge of the immune system can lead to permanent weaknesses and damages. If we want to protect our children from everything and everyone, the immune system is lacking challenges and cannot develop. There are many studies that prove that especially children living on farms have fewer problems with allergies than the "clean" city children 21,22.

Health is a dynamic balance between challenging and processing. The child's typical situation in today's western world tends to be more a lack of challenge in the development of the immune system with a concurrent overload in perception and in the area of intellectual thinking. This lack of challenge is certainly helped by excessive hygienic measures. Even Paracelsus said that everything is healthy in moderation only; this applies particularly to our hygiene. Even today's scientists are increasingly in favour of letting our children play in dirt, whereas a few years ago, they would have preferred to disinfect every child twice a day.

Vaccines represent in principle an invasion into the human immune system. The mass vaccination campaigns, however, are invasions into the ecological balances between human beings and microbes. These balances did not just happen over the past few years, they have developed over many, many generations, with the result being a relatively reliable relationship between host and microbe. However, a vaccination program as we witness it, covering whole areas or even countries, includes whole age groups and results in considerable changes in a short time. The suppression of the natural disease can lead to severely damaging consequences from an epidemiological point of view. Be reminded of the measles epidemic of 1846 on the islands of Faeroe. No measles case had occurred there for more than 65 years. When a Danish worker brought the disease into the area, 6000 out of the total 7,782 inhabitants contracted the disease, 200 died23. The same observations were made on the Fiji Islands, Greenland, Canada and New Guinea. There, the death rate was approximately 25%24,25,26,27.

So even if the vaccines would offer protection it would not be beneficial for us to be vaccinated. Today, the medical establishment admits that polio used to occur nearly always without the paralysis, which is so feared today. This paralysis only occurred when the smallpox vaccine was widely used, ie. 200 years ago28. With the smallpox vaccination, we have changed, or weakened the human organism to such an extent that polio became a dangerous disease.

But what does the so strongly propagandised protection look like after a vaccination. Does the vaccination protect us from the disease? One can only answer with a clear No. To this day, no independent efficacy studies exist about the vaccines. I'll give some examples how much these vaccines can "protect" us:

Mumps
Switzerland was affected by a mumps epidemic from Autumn 1999 until Spring 2000. The Swiss Federal Office for Health (BAG) eventually admitted, upon the pressure of the medical profession, that more than 75% of those who contracted Mumps had been fully up to date with their vaccinations29. No further comment is necessary here!

Rubella
The main fear that is propagandised with regard to rubella is the rubella embryopathy. What we are not told is, for example, that there were 4 cases of RE in Switzerland between 1995 and 2001 of which two women were fully vaccinated against rubella30. The only protection a pregnant woman has from rubella is that she contracted rubella during her childhood. We should therefore offer our girls the chance to contract rubella.

Tetanus
A tetanus vaccination cannot possibly protect from the disease since the human organism cannot build up any immunity after contracting the disease (as is the same after HIB, diphtheria or TB). So, if nature hasn't planned the immunity, how does the vaccine work?

Furthermore, the tetanus vaccination (as is the case with the diphtheria vaccine) is a so-called toxoid vaccine. The killed poison of the tetanus bacilli is injected into the body and meant to protect us. But the human body cannot build up immunity against poisons31. How can the vaccine protect us then? The official statistics of the various countries show us that the vaccine does not protect us. The Robert Koch Institute in Germany admits that 2/3 people who contract tetanus have been fully vaccinated32. The rate in Switzerland was 50% fully vaccinated and still contracted the disease.

Diphtheria
What applies to the tetanus vaccination equally applies to the diphtheria vaccination. According to official reports, approximately 80% of adult people would have to be fully vaccinated against diphtheria in order for this disease not to occur as an epidemic. However, in the German speaking areas, less than 25-30% of adults are vaccinated. Why have there been no epidemics? Because diphtheria requires certain socio-economic conditions for it to break out. These are war and poverty. Russia and the Ukraine still experience diphtheria epidemics, despite the fact that more than 90% of people are fully vaccinated (with a Swiss vaccine!)34,35,36. This disease should not exist there, if the vaccine protected.

TBC
During the 1960s, the WHO organised a field study in India in order to establish the efficacy of the TB vaccine. Two groups took part in this study, each group comprising 375,000 people in the province of Madras. One group was vaccinated against TB; the other group was not vaccinated. After 7 ½ years, in 1971, this field study was stopped, for "ethical" reasons. The conclusion of the study was: "The efficacy of the TB vaccine is 0%"37. Even though it is impossible to have any worse efficacy (!), it took until March 1998 before vaccination was stopped in Germany, October 1998 in Switzerland and March 2000 in Austria. Why did this news take more than 27 years to reach Europe?

I can only explain it this way: The WHO sent someone from Madras in 1971 on a walk to spread the good news of the inefficacy of this vaccine all over the world. As Europe is very far away, the poor man required much time. This walker, by the way, has not reached France yet, the vaccine is still mandated for all new born babies.

The German speaking countries only stopped to vaccinate their own children. Foreign children are still vaccinated. Presumably this vaccine only works effectively with certain passport colours!

All infectious diseases decreased without vaccinations. Not only did vaccines have no influence over the decrease of the diseases, the contrary is true, they slowed down the downward trend of all diseases. The best example for this is polio. After the majority of people were vaccinated, severe epidemics occurred, such as in 1962 in the German speaking countries, after vaccination had been in full force for 3 years.

Dr Buchwald carefully collected the facts in his book, which prove this fact beyond doubt for all infectious diseases38.

Not only do vaccinations not protect, they can indeed cause massive damage.

Allergies, hay fever, behavioural problems, neurological damages, tiredness, depressions, many colds, otitis media, tonsillitis, insomnia, bed wetting, loss of interest, character problems, stop of growing, diabetes, development disturbances, late speech development, childhood asthma, autism, SIDS, etc.

Illness is inevitably part of being human. The demand for the elimination of diseases will not eliminate the microbe, but it will question humanity. This is becoming all too clear when we look at our authorities' strategies implemented to achieve better vaccination rates. Often, these measures serve to introduce mandated vaccination through the back door, as we could see in Germany, where unvaccinated children can suddenly be expelled from school. Or as is the case in Upper Austria, where the payment of a mother/child benefit is linked to the up to date vaccination record. And this despite neither Germany nor Austria having mandated vaccination.

Also be reminded of the state in Italy and France, where parents are forced by police to have their children vaccinated. Vaccine sceptic health professionals are increasingly put under pressure by authorities as well as their own organisations as we saw at the measles epidemic in Coburg (Germany) in Spring 2002.

To show the disproportional status, here is an example. Every year, approximately 3.4 million people die, according to the WHO, due to famine, previous diarrhoea diseases in association with famine.

No vaccination can exist against this.

But it would be feasible to use the billions that are spent annually for vaccinations, for providing wells, to provide real development aid in order to stop the famine and to end wars. This would take out the basis for most infectious disease, and would result in healthy people.It would also be a possibility for us industrialised countries to balance out our old and new debt to these people.

This is my wish for the future.

1Drs Buehler, Wolff, Soziale Hygiene, Merkblatt 114

2 Chakravati V., Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 1986, 6:293-294

3Kummer, Der Merkurstab 1992, 3: 180-189

4Rooth I., Lancet 1985, 1(8419): 1-4

5Albonico H.-U., Med. Hypotheses 198, 51(4): 315-320

6Kasselring, Schweiz. Med. Wochenschrift, 1990

7Lewis et al, Clin Exp Allergy 1998, 28(12): 1493-1500

8Paunio M, JAMA 2000, 283: 343-346

9Shaheen S.O. Lancet 1996, 347: 1792-1796

10Ronne T., Lancet 1995, 1(8149): 1-4

11Graetz J.-F., Sind Impfungen sinnvoll? 5. Aufl. 1998, Hirthammer Verlag Muenchen, page 42

12CDC, MMWR 1995, 26: 486-497

13Ekdahl et al, J Infect Dis 1998, 30(3): 257-262

14Weber T., in Impfen, Routine oder Individualisation, Bern 1999

15Mueschenborn-Koglin et al, Paedietrie hautnah 2000, 1: 8-12

16Schmidt. R., Med. Klinik 1910, 43: 1630-33

17Whyner E., et al, Cancer 1969, 23: 352

18West R, Cancer, 1966, 23: 1001-07

19Newhouse M et al., Br J Prev Soc Med 1977, 31: 148-53

20Albonico H et al, Medical Hypotheses 1998, 51: 315-20

21Alm J et al, Lancet 1999, 353: 1485-88

22von Mutius E et al, British Med J 1992; 305: 1395-99

23Panum P., Virchows Archiv, 1847

24Christensen P., Dan med Bull 1954: 1:2-6

25Bech V., Am J Dis Child 1962, 103: 252-253

26Peart A. Nagler F., Canada J Publish Health 1954; 45: 145-156

27 Adels B., Am J Hygiene 1963, 69: 91-111

28Hutchin E.F., in Poliomyelitis, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1932, 1-22

29BAG, Bulletin 21, 20.5.2002

30BAG, Bulletin 36/2002

31Lewin Louis, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. Auflage, Haug Verlag 1992

32Bundesgesundheitsblatt 2/1998

33Zuber PLF, et al, Tetanus in Switzerland, 1980-1989, Eur J Epidmiol 1993, 9: 617-624

34Hardy I.R.B. et al, Lancet: 347:1739-1744

35Rich V., 1996, Versagen der Diphtherieimpfung in der Ukraine, Lancet; 347:1686

36Dittmann, S., 1996 Diphtherie-Kampagne in der Ukraine, Lancet, 348; 1244

37Bulletin of the WHO, Tuberculosis Prevention Trial, 57 (5); 819-827, 1979

38Buchwald G., Dr. med., Impfen, das Geschaeft mit der Angst, Knaur Verlag 1997

http://www.elsevier.com/cdweb/views/article.htt?jnl=01681702&iss=2&vol=91&pi
i=S016817020200273

Volume 91, Issue 2, pp. 213 - 221, February, 2003

Studies of measles viruses circulating in Australia between 1999 and 2001 reveals a new genotype

Authors

D. Chibo, M. Riddell, M. Catton, M. Lyon, G. Lum, C.
Birch

Abstract

Nineteen distinct measles virus (MV) strains associated with nine different genotypes were identified in five Australian states (Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia) between 1999 and 2001. One of the strains identified is likely to represent a new genotype within the clade D viruses (proposed to be d9). No evidence for an indigenous MV strain was found. When epidemiologic information associated with the index case was available for the outbreaks, it usually supported introduction of the virus from overseas, with the main source being South East Asia. Changes in the circulation of MV in Australia since the early 1970s were also observed. Prior to the introduction of measles vaccine, the majority of the population acquired immunity through infection with wild-type virus in early childhood. Nowadays in Australia, young adults are at most risk of infection. The age range of cases in the study period was from 1 month to 48 years, with the majority (59%) of cases from individuals aged 18-30 years.

http://www.wcanews.com/archives/2000/Apr/april10c.htm
Infants face greater risk of measles if mothers were vaccinated
While the medical community claims that measles vaccine prevents the childhood disease, a report in "Pediatrics," proves otherwise. The results show that infants born to mothers who received the vaccine are at far greater risk for having measles than other children. Researchers from several health institutes, including the National Immunization Program, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, studied infants whose mothers were born after 1963, when the national measles vaccine program began.

They found that the infants are more susceptible to measles than are infants of older mothers. "An increasing proportion of infants born in the United States may be susceptible to measles," the researchers wrote. Infants are born with a natural protection from measles through the passive transmission of the mother's antibody and the antibody lasts for years.

When their maternally acquired antibodies are depleted, children may contract a mild case of the disease, which re-introduces the antibody and safeguards them for the rest of their life. How long the initial protection lasts depends mainly on whether or not the mother has ever had measles herself. Women who have had the disease have a higher level of measles antibodies. Women who received the vaccine and did not contract the disease have lower antibody levels.

Since vaccinated mothers transfer less natural measles antibody to their newborns, they are more susceptible to the disease. In the study, infants whose mothers were born after 1963 (and who presumably had been vaccinated for measles) had a measles attack rate of 33%, compared with 12% for infants of older mothers who were not vaccinated.

"Our results suggest that infants whose mothers are born since measles vaccine licensure in 1963 are significantly more susceptible to measles than are infants of older mothers and that the risk of measles increases incrementally with each year increase in the maternal year of birth," the researchers concluded. However, rather than suggest that the medical community re-think its stance on vaccines, the researchers actually used the report to urge doctors to vaccinate children even younger. Current medical recommendations call for infants to receive measles shots as early as 12 months of age.

SOURCE: "Increased Susceptibility to Measles in Infants in the United States," Pediatrics, Nov. 5, 1999.

Age factor in measles jabs

BY JASON SUNDRAM

SHAH ALAM: One factor, which may be contributing to the rise in the number of measles cases involving children, is are babies vaccinated “too soon”.

Deputy Health Minister Datuk Dr Abdul Latiff Ahmad said the age when babies were given the Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) inoculation might be too soon. “The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended that babies be given the MMR vaccine at the age of 12 months.

“In Malaysia, the first dose is usually given to babies who are seven to nine months’ old. “Certain studies have shown that when the jabs are given at or before nine months, there may be a chance of decline of MMR antibodies before the second booster jab, which is given at age seven. “Therefore, it can be inferred that this could be a contributing factor in the sudden rise of measles cases,” he said, after launching the Unani System of medicine here yesterday.

Dr Abdul Latiff, however, stressed that no proper studies had been conducted in this country regarding the effects of early inoculations and therefore, he could not give more conclusive answers.

According to a study undertaken by WHO, the risk of the MMR vaccine virus replicating into measles was possible in children who had low immunity at the time of the injection. Asked about the benefits of the second booster dose, he said that it was essential as the MMR antibodies might have declined since the first dose.

The second booster injection allows for MMR antibodies to be produced again. ”Certain people have implied that the second jab is a ploy to finish the existing stocks of the vaccine but this is not true.

“If the child has already been given a second booster injection, then parents can provide certification to show that their child does not require the jab under the Mass Measles Immunisation campaign.”

On another issue, Dr Abdul Latiff said that the ministry was looking closely at the regulations related to the field of alternative medicines.

“We at the ministry are open to the idea of alternative medicines and medical treatments.

“However, alternative methods of medical treatments must be reviewed and regulated strictly, according to the ministry of health guidelines,” he added.

Early fears about MMR in secret papers

05/03/2007

Mark Watts reports on the potentially dangerous side-effects of the MMR
vaccine

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/main.jhtml?xml=/health/2007/03/05/hmmr105.xml

Katie Stephen was a healthy baby girl when she was injected with the MMR triple vaccine. Ten days later she was vomiting, delirious and running a fever.

A syringe containing the MMR vaccine
The Urabe MMR vaccine has been linked to cases of encephalitis

That was in 1990. Seventeen years later, she is deaf in one ear.

Following the debate over MMR and its alleged link with autism, government documents just released under the Freedom of Information Act show there was another, earlier concern for which there was more evidence and, apparently, more immediate risk. Whitehall experts knew of it before MMR's mass introduction into Britain, but the public was kept in ignorance. Katie's symptoms were consistent with those of encephalitis, which can cause brain damage or even death. Her mother Wendy, a former psychiatric nurse, is convinced that the first variant of MMR used in Britain is responsible.

Mass immunisation with the combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine began in Britain in October 1988. Ten years later, Andrew Wakefield, a researcher at the Royal Free Hospital in London, suggested the vaccine might increase the risk of autism and bowel disorders. But at least eight months before the first British children were injected with MMR, the government working party set up to introduce it was already aware of another potentially dangerous side-effect.
advertisement

The newly released documents include the minutes of a meeting of 15 experts and officials held in February 1988. According to the minutes, the group "read a report of cases of mumps encephalitis which had been associated with MMR vaccine containing the Urabe strain of the mumps virus. The Canadian authorities had suspended the licences of MMR vaccines containing the Urabe strain."

This was bad news for the government: the Urabe strain was to be used in 85 per cent of early MMR injections. Canada did not withdraw the licences for Urabe MMR, but stopped using it as a precaution.

In early 1987, just after the Thatcher government decided on MMR as an option in mass vaccinations, doctors in America had already reported "adverse reactions" to Urabe MMR. A few months later, the Swedes reported 52 cases of "febrile convulsions probably associated with MMR vaccination".

Then, in Britain, five cases of convulsions were reported in children taking part in an MMR trial in Somerset, although only three of these appeared to be related to the triple vaccine. A meeting of the government's Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) noted: "This gave a rate of three convulsions per thousand doses of MMR."

The group "expressed concern" about giving triple vaccines to children with a personal or family history of convulsions. Nevertheless, the British immunisation programme involving Urabe MMR went ahead in 1988.

Toby Stewart of west London was one of the children given it. He soon developed encephalitis-type symptoms and was left with what his father Andy, a business consultant, describes as "low-scale brain damage". Mr Stewart believes his son was the victim of cost-cutting - Urabe MMR being cheaper than MMR2.

Toby was one of the last British children to be injected with Urabe MMR. After the start of mass immunisation, more alarming evidence surfaced around the world. Canada, having stopped using Urabe MMR in 1988, withdrew licences for the vaccine in May 1990. Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore soon followed.

In the same month, the JCVI's "adverse reactions" sub-committee expressed "special concern" over reports from Japan linking Urabe MMR with high levels of meningoencephalitis.

It took until 1992 for Britain to stop injecting children with Urabe MMR, replacing it with MMR2, which contains a less potent form of the mumps virus. And, according to the minutes, that action owed more to the decision of the manufacturers of Urabe MMR to cease production. Revoking the licence would have cast light on Whitehall's decision to use Urabe MMR on British children despite disturbing evidence of its potential effects. The minutes of Whitehall committees dealing with the triple vaccination have been obtained by the FOIA Centre, a research company, on behalf of parents involved in a group action for damages against a number of pharmaceutical companies for an array of conditions allegedly caused by MMR.

The discussions uncovered began 20 years ago, but Mrs Stephen still feels betrayed. Mr Stewart is equally bitter. "These documents," he says, "confirm our worst fears."

# Mark Watts is the co-ordinator of the FOIA Centre http://www.foiacentre.com

*

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Published online March 2, 2009
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 3 March 2009, pp. 771-778
(doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0013)
This Article

ARTICLE
Allergic Disease and Atopic Sensitization in Children in Relation to Measles Vaccination and Measles Infection
Helen Rosenlund, MSca,b, Anna Bergström, PhDa, Johan S. Alm, MD, PhDc,d,Jackie Swartz, MDe, Annika Scheynius, MD, PhDf, Marianne van Hage, MD, PhDg, Kari Johansen, MD, PhDh, Bert Brunekreef, PhDi,j, Erika von Mutius, MDk,Markus J. Ege, MDk, Josef Riedler, MDl, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, MDm, Marco Waser, PhDm, Göran Pershagen, MD, PhDa,n and the PARSIFAL Study Group a Institute of Environmental Medicine b Centre for Allergy Research c Section of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science and Education,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden d Section of Pediatrics, Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden e Vidar Clinic, Järna, Sweden f Clinical Allergy Research Unit g Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden h Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden i Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands j Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands k Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany l Children's Hospital, Schwarzach, Austria m Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Basel,Switzerland n Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden

OBJECTIVE. Our aim was to investigate the role of measles vaccination and measles infection in the development of allergic disease and atopic sensitization.

METHODS. A total of 14 893 children were included from the cross-sectional, multicenter Prevention of AllergyRisk Factors for Sensitization in Children Related to Farming and Anthroposophic Lifestyle study, conducted in 5 European countries (Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland). The children were between 5 and 13 years of age and represented farm children, Steiner-school children, and 2 reference groups. Children attending Steiner schools often have an anthroposophic (holistic) lifestyle in which some immunizations are avoided or postponed. Parental questionnaires provided information on exposure and lifestyle factors as well as symptoms and diagnoses in the children. A sample of the children was invited for additional tests, and 4049 children provided a blood sample for immunoglobulin E analyses. Only children with complete information on measles vaccination and infection were included in the analyses (84%).

RESULTS. In the whole group of children, atopic sensitization was inversely associated with measles infection, and a similar tendency was seen for measles vaccination. To reduce risks of disease-related modification of exposure, children who reported symptoms of wheezing and/or eczema debuting during first year of life were excluded from some analyses. After this exclusion, inverse associations were observed between measles infection and "any allergic symptom" and "any diagnosis of allergy by a physician." However, no associations were found between measles vaccination and allergic disease.

CONCLUSION. Our data suggest that measles infection may protect against allergic disease in children.

Changes within T Cell Receptor VβSubsets in Infants Following Measles Vaccination

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doi:10.1006/clin.1996.0063 Get rights and content

AbstractMeasles produces immune suppression which contributes to an increased susceptibility to other infections. Recently, high titered measles vaccines have been linked to increased long-term mortality among some female recipients. Because the mechanisms by which wild-type or attenuated live-vaccine strains of measles virus alter subsequent immune responses are not fully understood, this prompted an examination of the changes within the peripheral blood T cell receptor Vβrepertoire following measles immunization. Twenty-four 6- and 9-month-old infants were studied at 2 weeks and 3 months following immunization by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. There was a significant increase in Vβ2 expression (P< 0.05), and a decrease in the Vβ4 subset (P< 0.03) 2 weeks following vaccination with subsequent return to baselines at 3 months in vaccine recipients who seroconverted. These data suggest that measles virus may affect immune responses in part by altering the T cell receptor repertoire.

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