Contamination
https://medscienceresearch.com/contamination/
Recap of the vaccine contaminants below: Mycoplasma, HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, pestiviruses, mouse brain tissue, bacteriophage, reverse transcriptase, SV40 cancer causing virus, porcine circovirus, endotoxins, coliphages, pseudomonas, fungi, XMRV, foamy viruses of simian origin, nanoparticles with several metals, antifertility drug hCG,Mycobacterium tuberculosis, simian cytomegalovirus
Veterinary vaccines: chicken anaemia virus, egg drop syndrome virus, avian leukosis virus, Torque Teno virus, RD-114 retrovirus, mycoplasma
Adventitious agents in viral vaccines: Lessons learned from 4 case studies
“The four cases are: a) SV40 in polio vaccines; b) bacteriophage in measles and polio vaccines; c) reverse transcriptase in measles and mumps vaccines; and d) porcine circovirus and porcine circovirus DNA sequences in rotavirus vaccines.”
#Contamination #SV40 #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
#Rotavirus #Measles #MMR
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045105614000748
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? Adverse effect versus quality control of the Fuenzalida-Palacios antirabies vaccine.
“We evaluated the components of the Fuenzalida-Palacios antirabies vaccine, which is till used in most developing countries in human immunization for treatment and prophylaxis. This vaccine is prepared from newborn mouse brains at 1% concentration. Even though the vaccine is considered to have a low myelin content, it is not fully free of myelin or of other undesirable components that might trigger adverse effects after vaccination. The most severe effect is a post-vaccination neuroparalytic accident associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. In the present study we demonstrate how the vaccines produced and distributed by different laboratories show different component patterns with different degrees of impurity and with varying protein concentrations, indicating that production processes can vary from one laboratory to another. These differences, which could be resolved using a better quality control process, may affect and impair immunization, with consequent risks and adverse effects after vaccination. We used crossed immunoelectrophoresis to evaluate and demonstrate the possibility of quality control in vaccine production, reducing the risk factors possibly involved in these immunizing products.”
#Contamination #Mouse #Brain #Guillain #Barre #Neurological #Rabies #Vaccine #Error #Molecular #Mimicry#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10030074
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The African polio vaccine-acquired immune deficiency syndrome connection.
“Seroepidemiological, clinical and molecular findings suggest that the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus human immunodeficiency virus-1 was introduced into the human species at the time (late 1950s) and in the geographic area (Zaire) in which millions of Africans were vaccinated with attenuated poliomyelitis virus strains that were produced in kidney tissue obtained from monkeys. Since monkeys not only harbor viruses that are remarkably similar to and genetically related to human immunodeficiency virus-1, but also served as tissue donors for the African polio vaccine, it is reasonable to suspect that a then non-detectable monkey virus with human-1-like properties was unknowingly co-cultured with the attenuated poliovirus virus and subsequently administered to the vaccinees. The possibility of such a polio vaccine-acquired immune deficiency syndrome connection is a reminder of the unpredictable danger of artifically crossing natural species-barriers in biomedical laboratories.”
#HIV #Polio #Contamination
#AIDS #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9185120/
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Application of PCR for detection of mycoplasma DNA and pestivirus RNA in human live viral vaccines.
“Although mycoplasma DNA was not detected in any of the vaccines tested, pestivirus RNA was detected in 12 lots (28%).”
#Contamination #MMR #Polio #Pestivirus #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9088554
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? Association between SV40 and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
“Millions of people worldwide were inadvertently exposed to live simian virus 40 (SV40) between 1955 and 1963 through immunization with SV40-contaminated polio vaccines. Although the prevalence of SV40 infections in humans is not known, numerous studies suggest that SV40 is a pathogen resident in the human population today. SV40 is a potent DNA tumor virus that is known to induce primary brain cancers, bone cancers, mesotheliomas, and lymphomas in laboratory animals.”
#Cancer #Contamination #Polio #Leukemia #SV40 #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15202523/
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? Assessment of iatrogenic transmission of HCV in Southern Italy: was the cause the Salk polio vaccination?
“Since the first studies on hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence were published, it has been evident that southern Italy is an area of hyperendemicity. A recent study conducted in southern Italy suggested that the high prevalence of HCV infection might be the result of past iatrogenic transmission. Polio vaccination with the parenteral Salk vaccine between 1956 and 1965 by multiple use of unsafe glass syringes may have been one of the major causes of the spread of HCV infection among southern Italian adults who are now older than 40 years of age. Persons born between the 1940s and early 1960s have a nearly 3-fold increased risk of HCV seropositivity than the younger age group. The findings are consistent with a cohort effect of exposure to the Salk parenteral vaccination.”
#Contamination #Polio #Hepatitis #Vaccine #Error #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12629643
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Bacteriophages and endotoxin in licensed live-virus vaccines
#Contamination #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/805187/
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Bridging the gap: human diploid cell strains and the origin of AIDS.
“Although the theory of a chimpanzee origin of HIV-1 with cross-species transfer to man has now gained popularity, a more likely scenario is that chimps and humans were infected by an HIV-1 precursor virus derived from a contaminated poliovaccine. The reason for the rapidity and ease of cross-species transfer of this precursor virus has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that the poliovaccine was passaged in a human diploid cell strain.”
#HIV #AIDS #Polio #Contamination
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10833351/
? Full article here –
http://www.bmartin.cc/dissent/documents/AIDS/Goldberg.pdf
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Cancer risk associated with simian virus 40 contaminated polio vaccine.
#Polio #SV40 #Contamination #Cancer #Simian #Virus #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10472327/
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Clinical implications of endotoxin concentrations in vaccines
#Contamination #Vaccine #DTP #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11978151/
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Clinical Outcomes after Hepatitis C Infection from Contaminated Anti-D Immune Globulin
“Twelve batches, constituting 4062 vials, of contaminated or potentially contaminated anti-D immune globulin were in circulation in 1977 through 1979 (the batches had an expiration date of mid-1979).”
#Rhogam #Contamination #Error #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199909023411013
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Collective experiences of adventitious viruses of animal-derived raw materials and what can be done about them.
“Contamination of animal-derived raw materials with viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria and fungi is common. These contaminants can interfere with the diagnosis of viral infection, and vaccines produced using infected cell cultures could lead to seroconversion or disease in the vaccinated animal. The purity, safety and efficacy of viral vaccines requires testing of the ingredients, cell substrates and final product. Methods for detection of viruses, especially bovine viral diarrhea virus, in nutrient serum, cell cultures, seed viruses and viral vaccines, and the frequency of their detection at the Center for Veterinary Biologics are discussed.”
#Contamination #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19003405/
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Comparison of methods used for detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures, sera, and live-virus vaccines.
“Contamination by different species of mycoplasma was found in 39% samples tested.”
#Contamination #Mycoplasma #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8206173
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Contaminated vaccine deaths a serious setback for Syria.
(2014)
No abstract available
PMID 25268026
#Contamination #Death #Error #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25268026/
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Contamination of Reconstituted Multidose Measles Vaccine Vial and Toxic Shock Syndrome in Tamilnadu
#Contamination #Death #Measles #Error #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
http://www.indianpediatrics.net/july2008/606.pdf
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? The cost of unsafe injections.
“Unsafe injection practices are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly from hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.”
“Annually more than 1.3 million deaths and US$ 535 million are estimated to be due to current unsafe injection practices. With the global increase in the number of injections for vaccination and medical services, safer injecting technologies such as auto-disable syringes must be budgeted for.”
#HIV #Contamination #Error #Hepatitis B #Hepatitis C #Death #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10593028/
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Doctors to face disciplinary action over Irish hepatitis C scandal.
“The Irish Medical Council’s fitness to practice committee is to begin a disciplinary examination of the role of several doctors criticised by an official Tribunal of Inquiry into the country’s hepatitis C scandal. More than 1000 mothers were infected through contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin in the mid-1970s.”
#Rhogam #Contamination #Error
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665410/pdf/9462311.pdf
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Don’t ignore the risk of vaccine contamination
“Sir, Your News and Opinion articles about alleged contamination of vaccines should serve as a warning against over-optimism.
These articles highlight the failure to show any evidence for contamination of Wistar Institute polio vaccine stocks by human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV/SIV), and you appeal for a truce. But — although Edward Hooper is quoted as saying that “vaccine samples released did not include any from batches prepared for use in Africa” — lymphocytes have been detected in other polio vaccines. Half of the vervet monkeys in Southern Africa are SIV positive; these animals were used for preparing early polio vaccines.
Considering the many millions of vaccine doses prepared in primary vervet monkey kidney cultures over a 30-year period, it is inconceivable that some SIV did not contaminate many cultures. By the same yardstick, simian virus 40 (SV40) contaminated millions of doses of poliovirus vaccine until the animals were screened for this tumour virus.
Edward Hooper and others surely do not intend to undermine the polio vaccine efforts. What is needed is a new awareness of the need for caution — remembering the example of BSE — in view of the current impetus towards xenotransplantation and the accompanying danger of contamination. Our aim should be to improve our vaccines, not to undermine public confidence in them.”
#HIV #Polio #Contamination
#AIDS #SV40 #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v408/n6808/full/408018b0.html
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Endogenous retroviruses as potential hazards for vaccines.
“Retroviruses are classified as exogenous or endogenous according to their mode of transmission. Generally, endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are not pathogenic in their original hosts; however, some ERVs induce diseases. In humans, a novel gammaretrovirus was discovered in patients with prostate cancer or chronic fatigue syndrome. This virus was closely related to xenotropic murine leukemia virus (X-MLV) and designated as xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV). The origin and transmission route of XMRV are still unknown at present; however, XMRV may be derived from ERVs of rodents because X-MLVs are ERVs of inbred and wild mice. Many live attenuated vaccines for animals are manufactured by using cell lines from animals, which are known to produce infectious ERVs; however, the risks of infection by ERVs from xenospecies through vaccination have been ignored. This brief review gives an overview of ERVs in cats, the potential risks of ERV infection by vaccination, the biological characteristics of RD-114 virus (a feline ERV), which possibly contaminates vaccines for companion animals, and the methods for detection of infectious RD-114 virus.
2010 The International Association for Biologicals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
#Contamination #Vaccine #XMRV
#Cancer #Chronic #Fatigue #Syndrome #Veterinary
#MedScienceResearch
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045105610000801?via%3Dihub
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Evidence of pestivirus RNA in human virus vaccines.
“We examined live virus vaccines against measles, mumps, and rubella for the presence of pestivirus RNA or of pestiviruses by reverse transcription PCR. Pestivirus RNA was detected in two measles-mumps-rubella combined vaccines and in two monovalent vaccines against mumps and rubella.”
#Contamination #MMR #Vaccine #Pestivirus #Mumps #Rubella #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8077414
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Experience with preparation an laboratory control of oral poliomyelitis vaccine in Czechoslovakia.
“Among the many problems connected with the preparation and laboratory control of oral poliomyelitis vaccines, one of the most vexed is that of the presence of undesirable, extraneous viruses of simian origin, particularly the foamy viruses. In Czechoslovakia, as elsewhere, these have been encountered in the production of live poliomyelitis vaccine from Sabin strains. Of 596 single lots of primary monkey kidney cell cultures intended for use in vaccine, only 143 lots successfully passed laboratory control tests, mainly because foamy viruses were found. Comparison tests showed that monkey and rabbit kidney cells were equally sensitive for the detection of foamy viruses but that dog kidney cells were less so and, in addition, in 8% of cases contained endogenous cytopathogenic virus agents. The presence of vacuolating agent was not tested for in the control tests discussed in this paper.All vaccine lots which passed control tests and were administered to children in the course of mass vaccination campaigns in Czechoslovakia in 1960 and 1961 proved safe and effective.”
#Contamination #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/13913913/
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? Experimental oral polio vaccines and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) of the common chimpanzee is widely acknowledged as the direct ancestor of HIV-1. There is increasing historical evidence that during the late 1950s, kidneys were routinely excised from central African chimpanzees by scientists who were collaborating with the polio vaccine research of Dr Hilary Koprowski, and sent – inter alia – to vaccine-making laboratories in the USA and Africa, and to unspecified destinations in Belgium. While there is no direct evidence that cells from these kidneys were used as a substrate for growing Dr Koprowski’s oral polio vaccines, there is a startling coincidence between places in Africa where his CHAT vaccine was fed, and the first appearances in the world of HIV-1 group M and group-M-related AIDS. Because of the enormous implications of the hypothesis that AIDS may be an unintended iatrogenic (physician-caused) disease, it is almost inevitable that this theory will engender heated opposition from many of those in the scientific establishment, and those with vested interests.
#HIV #Polio #Contamination
#AIDS #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11405924/
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? Hepatitis B Vaccines—to Switch or Not to Switch
“Shortly after the licensure of Heptavax-B in 1981 and its general availability in July 1982, the discovery of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among male homosexuals threatened the success of this product, since some of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive plasma donors were members of this high-risk group. Intensive epidemiologic, virological, and serological evaluations were launched, which eventually found no evidence for the transmission of AIDS to recipients of the plasma-derived HBsAg vaccine.”
#AIDS #HIV #Hepatitis B #Contamination #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/366144
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Hepatitis vaccine pluses outweigh threat of AIDS.
Fraser B. Dent Stud. 1983.
No abstract available
PMID 6583121
#AIDS #HIV #Hepatitis B #Contamination #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/6583121/
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The injection century: massive unsterile injections and the emergence of human pathogens.
“Unsterile medical injections are common in the less-developed world, where most visits to a doctor result in the (generally unnecessary) administration of intramuscular, or subcutaneous drugs. WHO estimates1 that every year unsafe injections result in 80 000–160 000 new HIV-1 infections, 8·16 million hepatitis B infections, and 2·3–4·7 million hepatitis C infections worldwide (this figure does not include transfusions). Together, these illnesses account for 1·3 million deaths and 23 million years of lost life.”
#HIV #Hepatitis B #Contamination #Error #Death #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(01)06967-7/abstract
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? Injection Safety Practice among Health Workers in Static Immunisation Centres in an Urban Community of Nigeria.
“However, reports have it that about one-third of immunisation injections are unsafe in many countries of the world including Africa.”
“The common infections associated with unsafe injection listed by the subjects were abscess, HIV and Hepatitis in that order of frequency.”
“Re-use of syringe for vaccine withdrawal and re-capping of used needles before discard were common practices observed while accidental needle stick injury was reported by about half (49%) of the subjects.”
#HIV #Hepatitis #Contamination #Error #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16160716/
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Investigation of a regulatory agency enquiry into potential porcine circovirus type 1 contamination of the human rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix: approach and outcome.
#Contamination #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24056737/
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Veterinary
Isolation and characterization of an adventitious avian leukosis virus isolated from commercial Marek’s disease vaccines.
“The data indicate that commercial MD vaccines produced by two manufacturers were contaminated with endogenous subgroup E and an exogenous subgroup A ALV.”
#Contamination #Animal #Veterinary #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/17039837
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Jonathan Hutchinson on Vaccination Syphilis
“A century ago, even as today, the opponents of compulsory vaccination for smallpox argued that the complications of the procedure might be worse than the disease. One of the most resolute advocates of compulsory vaccination at the time was Jonathan Hutchinson, then a newly elected honorary member of the New York Dermatological society. Hutchinson made no secret of his contempt for the misguided zealots who supported the antivaccination movement. One may well imagine, therefore, how painful it must have been for him to report in detail his findings on the transmission of syphilis by arm-to-arm vaccination. Hutchinson met the problem with characteristic courage. How he did so is summarized in this article.”
#Syphilis #Contamination #Smallpox #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/530942
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Live oral poliovirus vaccines and simian cytomegalovirus.
“Live oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) are often produced in primary Cercopithecus monkey kidney (CMK) cells. The kidneys of these monkeys are often latently infected with simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV), and CMK cultures are frequently contaminated with SCMV. We tested human, monkey and rabbit tissue culture systems, and found that MRC-5 cells are most sensitive for detection of SCMV. To address the question of whether OPV could be contaminated with infectious SCMV, we inoculated MRC-5 cells with neutralized OPV manufactured in the United States between 1972 and 1998. Infectious SCMV was not found in any of the vaccine lots tested. We also used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to search for SCMV DNA in live oral poliovirus vaccines; SCMV DNA sequences were found in several of the vaccine lots manufactured prior to 1992.”
#Contamination #Polio #Simian #Cytomegalovirus #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12217341/
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Mortality and morbidity among military personnel and civilians during the 1930s and World War II from transmission of hepatitis during yellow fever vaccination: systematic review.
“During World War II, nearly all US and Allied troops received yellow fever vaccine. Until May 1942, it was both grown and suspended in human serum. In April 1942, major epidemics of hepatitis occurred in US and Allied troops who had received yellow fever vaccine. A rapid and thorough investigation by the US surgeon general followed, and a directive was issued discontinuing the use of human serum in vaccine production. The large number of cases of hepatitis caused by the administration of this vaccine could have been avoided. Had authorities undertaken a thorough review of the literature, they would have discovered published reports, as early as 1885, of postvaccination epidemics of hepatitis in both men and horses. It would take 4 additional decades of experiments and epidemiological research before viruses of hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E were identified, their modes of transmission understood, and their genomes sequenced.”
#Contamination #Hepatitis #Yellow #Fever #Veterinary #Military #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23327242/
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Multiple sclerosis and hepatitis B vaccination: could minute contamination of the vaccine by partial hepatitis B virus polymerase play a role through molecular mimicry?
“Reports of multiple sclerosis developing after hepatitis B vaccination have led to the concern that this vaccine might be a cause of multiple sclerosis in previously healthy subjects. Some articles evidenced that minor Hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase proteins could be produced by alternative transcriptional or translational strategies. Their detection is very difficult because they are in minute concentration and probably enzymatically inactive, however, it was shown that they could be exposed on the outside of the virus particles and also be immunogenic. In addition, HBV polymerase shares significant amino acid similarities with the human myelin basic protein. We hypothesise that some of the apparent adverse reactions to the vaccine could be due to a process called of molecular mimicry, the HBV polymerase, which could be a contaminant in the recombinant or plasma-derived vaccines, could act as autoantigens and induce autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.”
#Multiple #Sclerosis #Hepatitis B
#Autoimmunity #Molecular #Mimicry #Contamination #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15908138/
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Need for new technologies for detection of adventitious agents in vaccines and other biological products.
“From an industrial perspective, the conventional in vitro and in vivo assays used for detection of viral contaminants have shown their limitations, as illustrated by the unfortunate detection of porcine circovirus contamination in a licensed rotavirus vaccine.”
#Contamination #Rotavirus #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25475629
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New Quality-Control Investigations on Vaccines: Micro- and Nanocontamination
#Contamination #Vaccines #MedScienceResearch
http://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.pdf
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Of Mice and Men: On the Origin of XMRV.
“The novel human retrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is arguably the most controversial virus of this moment. After its original discovery in prostate cancer tissue from North American patients, it was subsequently detected in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome from the same continent. However, most other research groups, mainly from Europe, reported negative results. The positive results could possibly be attributed to contamination with mouse products in a number of cases, as XMRV is nearly identical in nucleotide sequence to endogenous retroviruses in the mouse genome. But the detection of integrated XMRV proviruses in prostate cancer tissue proves it to be a genuine virus that replicates in human cells, leaving the question: how did XMRV enter the human population? We will discuss two possible routes: either via direct virus transmission from mouse to human, as repeatedly seen for, e.g., Hantaviruses, or via the use of mouse-related products by humans, including vaccines. We hypothesize that mouse cells or human cell lines used for vaccine production could have been contaminated with a replicating variant of the XMRV precursors encoded by the mouse genome.”
#Contamination #XMRV #Cancer #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21687768/
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? Oral polio vaccine and human cancer: a reassessment of SV40 as a contaminant based upon legal documents.
“The confirmation of the removal by one drug manufacturer, Lederle, has been made public at an international symposium in January 1997, where its representatives stated that all of Lederle’s seeds had been tested and screened to assure that it was free from SV40 virus. However, in litigation involving the Lederle oral polio vaccine, the manufacturer’s internal documents failed to reveal such removal in all of the seeds. The absence of confirmatory testing of the seeds, as well as testimony of a Lederle manager, indicate that this claim of removal of SV40 and the testing for SV40 in all the seeds cannot be fully substantiated. These legal documents and testimony indicate that the scientific community should not be content with prior assumptions that SV40 could not have been in the oral polio vaccine.”
#Cancer #Contamination #Polio #SV40 #Corruption #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11205211
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? The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Can science afford to ignore it?
“Scientific discussion of the polio vaccine hypothesis for the origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been systematically suppressed for more than 12 years. The author calls for an international multidisciplinary inquiry into the origin of AIDS, arguing it is essential to human health, prevention of new pandemics, and to protect the integrity of science in the eyes of the public.”
#HIV #Polio #Contamination #AIDS #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
Full article here:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088489/pdf/TB010935.pdf
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? Polio, hepatitis B and AIDS: an integrative theory on a possible vaccine induced pandemic.
“The hypothesis that simian virus 40 (SV40) infected polio vaccines may be linked to the evolution of acquired immunodeficiency disorder (AIDS), and certain cancers, has been advanced. Most recently, investigators discussed the likelihood of gene-reshuffling following SV40 infection as a precursor to acquired immune dysfunction. Findings of recent SV40 infections in four children born after 1982 suggest infections were transmitted vertically along gene lines. Earlier observations proved activation of a retrovirus gene by a hepatitis B virus (HBV) protein. This paper proposes a new integrative theory on the origin of AIDS. It advances the possibility of genetic recombinations with oncogene activation by HBV involving simian viruses that likely infected polio vaccinated blood donors to the initial hepatitis B (HB) vaccine trials conducted on gay men in New York City and Ugandan Blacks in the early to mid-1970s. The socio-economic and even military ramifications associated with this politically challenging thesis are discussed.”
#HIV #Hepatitis B #Polio #SV40 #AIDS #Contamination #Vaccine #Cancer #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11388787/
Full article here-
http://www.originofaids.com/articles/polio.htm
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Polio vaccines and the origin of AIDS.
“In particular, it is now known that the early polio vaccines were contaminated with at least one monkey virus, SV40. The transfer of monkey viruses to man via contaminated vaccines is particularly relevant to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), since the causative agent of AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is thought to be derived from a simian precursor virus. Furthermore, human infection with this virus appears to be a relatively recent event. We hypothesize that the AIDS pandemic may have originated with a contaminated polio vaccine that was administered to inhabitants of Equatorial Africa from 1957 to 1959. The mechanism of evolution of HIV from this vaccine remains to be determined.”
#HIV #Polio #SV40 #Contamination
#AIDS #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7935079/
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Porcine circovirus (PCV) removal by Q sepharose fast flow chromatography.
“The recently discovered contamination of oral rotavirus vaccines led to exposure of millions of infants to porcine circovirus (PCV). PCV was not detected by conventional virus screening tests. Regulatory agencies expect exclusion of adventitious viruses from biological products. Therefore, methods for inactivation/removal of viruses have to be implemented as an additional safety barrier whenever feasible. However, inactivation or removal of PCV is difficult. PCV is highly resistant to widely used physicochemical inactivation procedures. Circoviruses such as PCV are the smallest viruses known and are not expected to be effectively removed by currently-used virus filters due to the small size of the circovirus particles. Anion exchange chromatography such as Q Sepharose(®) Fast Flow (QSFF) has been shown to effectively remove a range of viruses including parvoviruses. In this study, we investigated PCV1 removal by virus filtration and by QSFF chromatography. As expected, PCV1 could not be effectively removed by virus filtration. However, PCV1 could be effectively removed by QSFF as used during the purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and a log10 reduction value (LRV) of 4.12 was obtained.
© 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.”
#Contamination #Rotavirus
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24039195/
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Possible origins of AIDS.
#HIV #Polio #Contamination #AIDS #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/256/5061/1260.1.long
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Richard Pearson Strong and the iatrogenic plague disaster in Bilibid Prison, Manila, 1906.
“In November 1906, Richard Pearson Strong, then head of the Philippine Biological Laboratory, inoculated 24 men–inmates of Manila’s Bilibid Prison–with a cholera vaccine that somehow had been contaminated with plague organisms; 13 men died.”
#Contamination #Death #Cholera #Corruption #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2690293
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The Risk of AIDS After Hepatitis Vaccination
“In the recent decision analysis article by Sacks et al1 in the Dec 28, 1984, issue of The Journal, the authors claim to have calculated the maximum rate of hepatitis B vaccine-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to be eight per 100,000 with 95% confidence. This calculation is based on a study of 40,000 persons who had been vaccinated prior to mid-1982. I do not believe that an extrapolation from this population can be expected to hold true for a vaccine manufactured from today’s pool of donors.”
#HIV #AIDS #Contamination #Hepatitis B #Statistics #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/398638
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Should the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome deter hepatitis B vaccination? A decision analysis.
“The current epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and fear that its causative agent contaminates the currently available hepatitis B vaccine may have deterred vaccine use. We formulated a decision-analytic model that compares the risk of death from hepatitis B and AIDS in those vaccinated with the risk of death from hepatitis B alone in those who wait two years for a synthetic vaccine. For individuals with 5% annual risk of hepatitis B, the best current estimate is that vaccination now would save 25 lives per 100,000. The best current estimate of the rate of vaccine-induced AIDS is zero, and one can be 95% confident that the rate is less than eight per 100,000. The rate would have to be considerably higher before postponement of vaccination would be rational for those for whom vaccination has been recommended.”
#AIDS #HIV #Hepatitis B #Contamination #Statistics #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/6239044/
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Simian cytomegalovirus and contamination of oral poliovirus vaccines.
“In the 1950s the use of primary rhesus macaque kidney cultures to propagate poliovirus for vaccine production led to the contamination of vaccines with simian virus 40 (SV40). African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cultures free of SV40 were used as an alternative cell substrate for vaccine manufacture. In this study we evaluate oral poliovirus seeds, vaccine bulks and vaccines themselves for the presence of a common contaminant of AGMK cultures, simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV). Using sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, nearly half of the samples analysed were found to be contaminated with SCMV sequences. However, vaccine bulks, positive by PCR for SCMV failed to show any evidence of infectious virus in these studies. One poliovirus vaccine and one seed, propagated on rhesus macaque kidney cultures were found to be positive for the rhesus monkey CMV by PCR.”
#Contamination #Polio #Simian #Cytomegalovirus #SV40 #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12623061/
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Simian cytomegalovirus-related stealth virus isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with bipolar psychosis and acute encephalopathy.
“A cytopathic ‘stealth’ virus was cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with a bipolar psychotic disorder who developed a severe encephalopathy leading to a vegetative state. DNA sequencing of a polymerase chain reaction-amplified product from infected cultures has identified the virus as an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV)-related stealth virus. The virus is similar to the SCMV-related stealth virus isolated from a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome. The findings support the concepts that stealth viruses can account for a spectrum of dysfunctional brain diseases and that some of these viruses may have arisen from live polio viral vaccines.”
#Contamination #Polio #Cytomegalovirus #Psychiatric #Encephalopathy
#Chronic #Fatigue #Syndrome #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8888270/
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Some oral poliovirus vaccines were contaminated with infectious SV40 after 1961.
“Some polio vaccines prepared from 1954 to 1961 were contaminated with infectious SV40. It has been assumed that all polio vaccines were SV40 free in the United States after 1961 and in other countries after 1962. Following a WHO requirement that was prompted by the detection of SV40 in some human tumors, we conducted a multilaboratory study to test for SV40 polio vaccines prepared after 1961. Vaccine samples from 13 countries and the WHO seed were initially tested by PCR. The possible presence of intact and/or infectious SV40 DNA in PCR-positive samples was tested by transfection and infection of permissive CV-1 cells. All results were verified by immunohistochemistry, cloning, and sequencing. All the vaccines were SV40 free, except for vaccines from a major eastern European manufacturer that contained infectious SV40. We determined that the procedure used by this manufacturer to inactivate SV40 in oral poliovirus vaccine seed stocks based on heat inactivation in the presence of MgCl2 did not completely inactivate SV40. These SV40-contaminated vaccines were produced from early 1960s to about 1978 and were used throughout the world. Our findings underscore the potential risks of using primary monkey cells for preparing poliovirus vaccines, because of the possible contamination with SV40 or other monkey viruses, and emphasize the importance of using well-characterized cell substrates that are free from adventitious agents. Moreover, our results indicate possible geographic differences in SV40 exposure and offer a possible explanation for the different percentage of SV40-positive tumors detected in some laboratories.”
#SV40 #Contamination #Polio
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16288015/
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Suffolk County to conduct test of special safety syringes.
“The syringes will be used in administering vaccines and performing routine medical health procedures in the public health department and jail. The study was prompted by several cases in which health-care workers accidentally or carelessly exposed patients to HIV and other blood-borne diseases through the reuse of syringes labeled for one-time use.”
#Error #HIV #Vaccine #Contamination #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11366592/
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A survey of mycoplasma detection in veterinary vaccines.
“Nine live virus veterinary vaccines from six sources were found to be contaminated with mycoplasma. The vaccines were for use in canine, feline and avian species, and 53 batches of the products were at fault. The isolates were identified as Mycoplasma hominis, M. arginini, M. orale, M. hyorhinis and M. gallinarum.”
#Contamination #Veterinary #Error #Animal #Vaccine #Mycoplasma #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3799018
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[SV40 as a possible cofactor in the etiopathogenesis of mesothelioma and other human tumors].
“Simian virus 40 (SV40) has been introduced into the human population with contaminated polio vaccines between 1955 and 1963. Previous research conducted by southern blot hybridization and recent analysis by PCR have shown the presence of SW0 sequences in human brain tumors, mesotheliomas and osteosarcomas as well as in normal tissues such as blood and sperm fluids. SV40 RNA and T antigen were detected in the same tissues. All the samples were coinfected by BK Virus (BKV), suggesting that BKV may have a helper function for SV40 replication in human cells. The presence of SV40 in human tumors suggests that the virus may be a cofactor in the etiopathogenesis of human neoplasia. In addition, blood and semen may represent the vectors for transmission of SV40 by horizontal infection in the human population.”
#SV40 #Contamination #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9987613/
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Veterinary
Testing for viral contaminants of veterinary vaccines in Hungary.
“The safety of veterinary vaccines is of paramount importance and it is significantly jeopardised by extraneous agents such as bacteria, mycoplasma, Chlamydia and viruses. Several critical steps of vaccine manufacture involve a potential risk of viral contamination. Viruses, as extraneous, agents can be divided into two main groups. Group 1 agents, such as Pestivirus, chicken anaemia virus (CAV), and egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV) are well-known to manufacturers and authorities. Compendial detection methods, clear guidelines and legislation have been established to minimise the risk of contamination with these agents. Contrary to group 1, group 2 agents like Torque Teno virus (TTV) or RD114, a replication-competent feline gamma-retrovirus, have only recently been recognised and their role as contaminants needs further investigation. Randomly selected veterinary vaccines used between 1992 and 2009 were tested by nucleic acid amplification for CAV, EDSV, and TTV. Pestivirus contamination was examined in 33 vaccines used between 1996 and 2006 and a further 27 vaccines used between 2007 and 2009 based on random selection of these vaccines. In addition to random tests done on vaccines used from 2007 on, 12 batches of live Aujeszky’s disease vaccines submitted to our laboratory for Official Control Authority Batch Release (OCABR) were also tested for Pestivirus.”
#Contamination #Veterinary #Animals #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20338783
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? Tetanus vaccine may be laced with anti-fertility drug. International / developing countries.
“A priest, president of Human Life International (HLI) based in Maryland, has asked Congress to investigate reports of women in some developing countries unknowingly receiving a tetanus vaccine laced with the anti-fertility drug human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). If it is true, he wants Congress to publicly condemn the mass vaccinations and to cut off funding to UN agencies and other involved organizations. The natural hormone hCG is needed to maintain pregnancy. The hormone would produce antibodies against hCG to prevent pregnancy. In the fall of 1994, the Pro Life Committee of Mexico was suspicious of the protocols for the tetanus toxoid campaign because they excluded all males and children and called for multiple injections of the vaccine in only women of reproductive age. Yet, one injection provides protection for at least 10 years. The Committee had vials of the tetanus vaccine analyzed for hCG. It informed HLI about the tetanus toxoid vaccine. HLI then told its World Council members and HLI affiliates in more than 60 countries. Similar tetanus vaccines laced with hCG have been uncovered in the Philippines and in Nicaragua. In addition to the World Health Organization (WHO), other organizations involved in the development of an anti-fertility vaccine using hCG include the UN Population Fund, the UN Development Programme, the World Bank, the Population Council, the Rockefeller Foundation, the US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, and Uppsala, Helsinki, and Ohio State universities. The priest objects that, if indeed the purpose of the mass vaccinations is to prevent pregnancies, women are uninformed, unsuspecting, and unconsenting victims.”
#Corruption #Contamination #Tetanus #hCG #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12346214/
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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: vaccine issues.
“The recent emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) suggests that transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) pose an ongoing threat to human and animal health. To avoid iatrogenic transmission of TSEs in vaccines, strategies must be developed to obviate TSE agent infectivity in cellular substrates, cell culture media components and enzymes, and excipients, and to validate the safety of these components and field vaccines efficiently.”
#Contamination #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11761262/
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Tuberculosis in Newborns: The Lessons of the “Lübeck Disaster” (1929-1933).
Fox GJ, et al. PLoS Pathog. 2016.
“In an accident later known as the Lübeck disaster, 251 neonates were orally given three doses of the new Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) antituberculosis (TB) vaccine contaminated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A total of 173 infants developed clinical or radiological signs of TB but survived the infection, while 72 died from TB.”
#Death #Vaccine #Failure #BCG #Tuberculosis #Contamination
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26794678
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Vaccination-induced syphilis and the Hübner malpractice litigation.
“Dr. Georg Hübner, the defendant, was accused of having initiated a small epidemic of syphilis by using the lymph of a syphilitic infant to vaccinate 13 infants.”
#Syphilis #Contamination #Smallpox #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22643719/
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The XIX century smallpox prevention in Naples and the risk of transmission of human blood-related pathogens.
“Although Galbiati established the retro-vaccination (1803) and developed the “calf” lymph vaccine, recognized and implemented since 1864 as the optimal smallpox vaccine in the following hundred years, Naples general population was mainly vaccinated with “human” lymph from abandoned children until 1893. Mini-epidemics of syphilis and serum hepatitis were periodically reported as results of arm-to-arm procedure. The risk of transmission of blood-related pathogens was higher in Naples where >80% of abandoned children, used as repository of cowpox virus, were dying in their first year of life.”
#Contamination #Syphilis #Hepatitis #Smallpox #Death #Liver #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25622683/
Investigating Viruses in Cells Used to Make Vaccines; and Evaluating the Potential Threat Posed by Transmission of Viruses to HumansPrincipal Investigator: Arifa S. Khan, PhD
Office / Division / Lab: OVRR / DVP / LR
https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/ScienceResearch/BiologicsResearchAreas/ucm127327.htm
The emergence of pathogenic virus infections like influenza and HIV have created an urgent need for new vaccines.
Virus-based vaccines are made in living cells (cell substrates). Some manufacturers are investigating the use of new cell lines to make vaccines. The continual growth of cell lines ensures that there is a consistent supply of the same cells that can yield high quantities of the vaccine.
In some cases the cell lines that are used might be tumorigenic, that is, they form tumors when injected into rodents. Some of these tumor-forming cell lines may contain cancer-causing viruses that are not actively reproducing. Such viruses are hard to detect using standard methods. These latent, or "quiet," viruses pose a potential threat, since they might become active under vaccine manufacturing conditions. Therefore, to ensure the safety of vaccines, our laboratory is investigating ways to activate latent viruses in cell lines and to detect the activated viruses, as well as other unknown viruses, using new technologies. We will then adapt our findings to detect viruses in the same types of cell substrates that are used to produce vaccines. We are also trying to identify specific biological processes that reflect virus activity.
These methods will enable FDA scientists to help manufacturers to determine whether their specific cell substrate is safe to use for vaccine production. The methods our laboratory are developing and testing will help to ensure the production of safe and effective vaccines in two ways: 1) FDA will be able to develop testing guidelines for manufacturers who use new cell substrates for producing vaccines; and 2) FDA will publish the new methods it develops in peer-reviewed scientific journals, thus making them readily accessible to all manufacturers.
We are also evaluating the risk of retrovirus infections in humans. (Retroviruses are RNA viruses that use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase (RT) to replicate; RNA is the de-coded form of DNA). Simian foamy virus (SFV) can be transmitted from nonhuman primates (e.g., monkeys) to humans. Although there is no evidence that SFV causes disease, the virus can remain in a lifelong quiet state in the DNA after infection. Moreover, two individuals in Africa were recently found to be infected with both HIV-1 and SFV. Therefore, it is important to determine if SFV poses a threat to human health and to understand how the virus spreads in order to create strategies for controlling human infections. Such work will also help FDA to develop a new policy regarding blood donation by individuals working with nonhuman primates and implementing formal safety guidelines for people working with SFV-infected animals. We are also investigating the consequences of dual SFV and HIV-1 infection in the monkey model.
Scientific OverviewDetection of latent viruses in cell substrates for vaccine safety. The urgent demand for vaccines against emerging diseases has necessitated the use of novel cell substrates. These include tumorigenic cells such as MDCK and CHO cells (for influenza virus vaccines), 293 and PER.C6 cells (for adenovirus-vectored HIV-1 and other vaccines), and tumor-derived cells such as HeLa cells (for HIV-1 vaccines).
The use of tumorigenic and tumor-derived cells is a major safety concern due to the potential presence of viruses such as retroviruses and oncogenic DNA viruses that could be associated with tumorigencity, Therefore, detection of persistent, latent DNA viruses, and endogenous retroviruses in vaccine cell substrates is important for vaccine safety, particularly in the development of live viral vaccines, where there are no or minimal virus inactivation and removal steps during vaccine manufacturing.
Chemical induction is a rigorous method for evaluating the presence of endogenous retroviruses as well as some latent DNA viruses that have the potential to become active and produce infectious virus. This approach has been extensively used for mouse cells. We have optimized virus induction conditions in mouse cells using a standardized, highly sensitive, single-tube fluorescent PCR enhanced reverse transcriptase (STF-PERT) assay. We have further determined optimum conditions for activating latent DNA virus from a human cell line. We have extended the assay to develop a stepwise approach to induce and detect endogenous retroviruses and latent DNA viruses during evaluation of cell substrates for vaccine safety.
The chemical induction algorithm developed using these positive control cell lines can be used to evaluate the safety of novel vaccine cell substrates for new vaccines. We are now investigating emerging technologies for broad virus detection to identify novel, induced and other unknown viruses. Additionally, we are investigating potential biomarkers for virus induction
In vitro and in vivo investigations to address retrovirus concerns in biologics. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are highly prevalent in all nonhuman primates (NHPs) and can infect humans by cross-species transmission. Although there is no evidence yet of disease with SFV, infectious virus persists in the host DNA. Therefore, we are trying to understand SFV latency and activation and factors involved in virus transmission, which will be important for managing SFV infections in humans.
We are also investigating potential interactions of SFV and SIV in the monkey model to predict the outcome of SFV and HIV-1 dual-infections in human cases, reported in Africa. Furthermore, our blood transfusion studies in monkeys regarding the risk of SFV transmission from infected blood donors to recipients will contribute to blood donation policy-making decisions.
PublicationsGenome Announc 2017 Aug 17;5(33):e00827-17
Complete genome sequence of a naturally occurring simian foamy virus isolate from rhesus macaque (SFVmmu_K3T).
Nandakumar S, Bae EH, Khan AS
Genome Announc 2017 Aug 24;5(34):e00829-17
Whole-genome sequence of the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cell line.
Nandakumar S, Ma H, Khan AS
PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2016 Nov-Dec;70(6):591-5
Advanced Virus Detection Technologies Interest Group (AVDTIG): efforts for high throughput sequencing (HTS) for virus detection.
Khan AS, Vacante DA, Cassart JP, Ng SH, Lambert C, Charlebois RL, King K
Viruses 2016 Nov 23;8(11):318
Eleventh International Foamy Virus Conference--meeting report.
Buseyne F, Gessain A, Soares MA, Santos AF, Materniak-Kornas M, Lesage P, Zamborlini A, Lochelt M, Qiao W, Lindemann D, Wohrl BM, Stoye JP, Taylor IA, Khan AS
Viruses 2015 Mar 31;7(4):1651-66
Tenth International Foamy Virus Conference 2014--achievements and perspectives.
Materniak M, Kubis P, Rola-Luszczak M, Khan AS, Buseyne F, Lindemann D, Lochelt M, Kuzmak J
Vaccine 2015 Jan 1;33(1):73-5
The Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG).
Chen RT, Carbery B, Mac L, Berns KI, Chapman L, Condit RC, Excler JL, Gurwith M, Hendry M, Khan AS, Khuri-Bulos N, Klug B, Robertson JS, Seligman S, Sheets R, Williamson AL
PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2014 Nov-Dec;68(6):661-6
New technologies and challenges of novel virus detection.
Khan AS, Ma H, Taliaferro LP, Galvin TA, Shaheduzzaman S
PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2014 Nov-Dec;68(6):546-7
Introduction and workshop summary: advanced technologies for virus detection in the evaluation of biologicals-applications and challenges.
Khan AS, Vacante DA
J Virol 2014 Jun 15;88(12):6576-85
Identification of a novel rhabdovirus in Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines.
Ma H, Galvin TA, Glasner DR, Shaheduzzaman S, Khan AS
Viruses 2014 Apr 25;6(5):1876-96
Evaluation of the broad-range PCR-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) system and virus microarrays for virus detection.
Taliaferro LP, Galvin TA, Ma H, Shaheduzzaman S, Williams DK, Glasner DR, Khan AS
J Virol 2013 Aug;87(15):8792-7
Identification of recombination in the envelope gene of simian foamy virus serotype 2 isolated from Macaca cyclopis.
Galvin TA, Ahmed IA, Shahabuddin M, Bryan T, Khan AS
Viruses 2013 Jun 6;5(6):1414-30
Influence of naturally occurring simian foamy viruses (SFVs) on SIV disease progression in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model.
Choudhary A, Galvin TA, Williams DK, Beren J, Bryant MA, Khan AS
J Virol 2013 Feb;87(4):2278-86
No evidence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus transmission by blood transfusion from infected rhesus macaques.
Williams DK, Galvin TA, Gao Y, O'Neill C, Glasner D, Khan AS
PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2012 Nov 1;66(6):502-11
PDA/FDA Adventitious Agents and Novel Cell Substrates: Emerging Technologies and New Challenges, Nov. 3-4, 2011, Rockville, MD.
Khan AS, Lubiniecki A, King KE
Adv Virol 2011;2011:787394
Xenotropic and other murine leukemia virus-related viruses in humans.
Khan AS, McClure M, Kubo Y, Jolicoeur P
Biologicals 2011 Nov;39(6):378-83
Investigation of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in human and other cell lines.
Williams DK, Galvin TA, Ma H, Khan AS
PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2011 Nov 1;65(6):627-33
Current testing methods and challenges for detection of adventitious viruses.
Khan AS
PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2011 Nov 1;65(6):685-9
Detection of Latent Retroviruses in Vaccine-related Cell Substrates: Investigation of RT Activity Produced by Chemical Induction of Vero Cells.
Ma H, Khan AS
Vaccine 2011 Oct 26;29(46):8429-37
Investigations of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in vaccine-related and other cell lines.
Ma H, Shaheduzzaman S, Willliams DK, Gao Y, Khan AS
J Virol 2011 Jul;85(13):6579-88
Chemical induction of endogenous retrovirus particles from the vero cell line of african green monkeys.
Ma H, Ma Y, Ma W, Williams DK, Galvin TA, Khan AS
Biologicals 2011 May;39(3):158-66
Optimization of chemical induction conditions for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) reactivation with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) from latently-infected BC-3 cells.
Ma W, Galvin TA, Ma H, Ma Y, Muller J, Khan AS
PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2010 Sep-Oct;64(5):426-31
Testing considerations for novel cell substrates: a regulatory perspective.
Khan AS
PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2010 Sep-Oct;64(5):451-7
Regulatory considerations for raw materials used in biological products.
Khan AS
Transfusion 2010 Jan;50(1):200-7
Role of neutralizing antibodies in controlling simian foamy virus transmission and infection.
Williams DK, Khan AS
Biologicals 2009 Jun;37(3):196-201
Proposed algorithm to investigate latent and occult viruses in vaccine cell substrates by chemical induction.
Khan AS, Ma W, Ma Y, Kumar A, Williams DK, Muller J, Ma H, Galvin TA
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009 Jun;7(5):569-80
Simian foamy virus infection in humans: prevalence and management.
Khan AS
J Virol Methods 2009 May;157(2):133-40
Evaluation of different RT enzyme standards for quantitation of retroviruses using the single-tube fluorescent product-enhanced reverse transcriptase assay.
Ma YK, Khan AS
Transfusion 2006 Aug;46(8):1352-9
Simian foamy virus infection by whole-blood transfer in rhesus macaques: potential for transfusion transmission in humans.
Khan AS, Kumar D
