Subject: Simultaneous presence of retrovirus and herpes virus could be one of the causes of MS


And where do we get retroviruses from? Whoever was holding up their hands and saying vaccines - give yourselves a gold star! This crap is causing just about every ill known to humankind! When are we going to learn? And herpes - basically a monkey virus that has adapted to humans - well, where do you think that comes from? How many monkeys does it take to make a vaccine? A bloody lot, that's how many! And they all carry loads of foreign viruses and bacteria!

Meryl

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2004 Apr;20(4):415-23.
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Simultaneous presence of endogenous retrovirus and herpes virus antigens has profound effect on cell-mediated immune responses: implications for multiple sclerosis.

Brudek T, Christensen T, Hansen HJ, Bobecka J, Moller-Larsen A.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus,DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. tb@microbiology.au.dk

Retroviruses have been suggested as possible pathogenic factors in multiple sclerosis (MS), supported by the observation that endogenous retroviruses are activated in MS patients. Different members of the herpes family of which several are neurotropic have also been suggested as factors in MS pathogenesis. Further, interactions between retroviruses and herpes viruses have been implied in the development of MS. The objective of the study was investigation of cell-mediated immune responses of MS patients to retrovirus and herpes virus antigens, particularly antigen combinations, with analyses of the influence of retrovirus antigens on cellular immunological reactivity toward other viral antigens. Cellular immunity as measured by blast transformation assays was analyzed using freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 47 MS patients and 36 healthy volunteers. Combinations of the endogenous retrovirus HERV-H and herpes virus antigens resulted in highly increased cellular immune responses among both the MS patients and healthy subjects. The increase was synergistic in character in most samples. Very pronounced effects were obtained using HHV-6A and HSV-1 antigens. Blast transformation assays combining antigens from two different herpes viruses or combinations of measles and herpes antigens showed no synergy. The obtained data indicate a pronounced synergistic effect on the cellular immune response when retrovirus and herpes antigens are present together. The cause of the synergy is unknown so far. The effect on the immune response may influence the disease progression.



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GSU Lab Harbors Deadly Virus"
Atlanta Journal-Constitution (www.accessatlanta.com/ajc) (08/08/04) P. 3A;
Wahlberg, David

Georgia State University's Biosafety Level (BSL)-4 lab is one of five biomedical research facilities in the United States devoted to the study of the world's deadliest pathogens.  The lab, located in downtown Atlanta, concentrates its efforts on the study of herpes B, a virus common to some monkeys though rare in humans.  But human contagion is not unheard of, usually among workers at primate labs who get bit or scratched by monkeys, and is lethal if not treated early.  The other labs are part of a federal system developing ways to combat emerging infectious diseases and preparing
for a potential bioattack, each with numerous researchers trying to create diagnostic tests, treatments, and vaccines.  The government is pushing ahead with plans to build more BSL-4 labs at the Fort Detrick Army complex in Maryland and in Galveston, Texas; Hamilton, Mont.; and Boston, where the plans have met with stiff opposition from community activists and a group of 150 scientists, including two Nobel Prize winners, who question the wisdom of building such a site in an urban landscape



Web address: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/11/031107055048.htm

 

            Herpes Research Uncovers Possible Clue To Alzheimer's Disease Providence, R.I. -- Researchers at Brown University and the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass., have found a physical connection between the herpes simplex virus and amyloid precursor protein, a protein that breaks down to form a major component of the amyloid plaques that are consistently present in the brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease.

   

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/11/031107055048.htm

Amyloid precursor protein or APP breaks down to form beta-amyloid. There is strong evidence, according to the researchers, that beta-amyloid is the underlying cause of Alzheimer's.

While the scientists caution that no conclusions about Alzheimer's can be drawn from their findings, Dr. Elaine Bearer, senior research scientist and associate professor in Brown's Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, believes the work does in fact link the common herpes virus of cold sores with the neurodegenerative disorder. Bearer isalso a summer investigator at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass.

Past studies have implicated the herpes virus in the onset of Alzheimer's disease, but agreement within the scientific community on the value of that research is far from universal. Bearer expects that the discovery of a physical interaction between APP and the herpes virus will trigger further investigations into the role the virus may play in the disease, and even into possible uses of the virus in therapy.

The scientists stress that none of what they found should cause alarm among those who have at one time had a cold sore. According to Bearer, nearly 85 percent of us harbor the herpes simplex virus and most of us never develop Alzheimer's.

The researchers discovered the interaction between the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and APP while conducting experiments in the giant axon of squid at the Marine Biological Laboratory. Prasanna Satpute-Krishnan and Joseph A. DeGiorgis, both doctoral candidates in Brown's graduate program at the time of the research, were seeking to learn how viruses are carried around the body within cells and from one cell to another. Specifically, they were examining how the herpes simplex virus travels back to the lip area to form a recurring blister after remaining latent for some time in the trigeminal ganglion, a collection of nerve cells next to the brain.

What they found was that the herpes virus was interacting with APP, a putative motor receptor that recruits a microtubular motor, kinesin, for transport through neurons. This was the first time scientists had observed any physical interaction between the herpes virus and APP.

Without the APP, the virus moves backward up an axon (a long extension of a neuron) from the area of the lip towards the trigeminal ganglion. But the Brown researchers discovered that once it interacts with the APP, the virus travels in the opposite direction what scientists describe as anterograde transport back down to the lip. The researchers also found that once coupled with the APP, the virus moves remarkably fast.

"It's as if the virus hijacks a car which in this case would be the kinesin and the APP is the driver," explains Bearer. "The virus takes the APP where it wants to be, not where the APP wants to be."

The build-up of beta-amyloid (formed in the breakdown of APP) is found consistently in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, and many scientists are now convinced it is involved in the disease, according to Satpute-Krishnan. Questions persist, however, as to what that involvement is, and why, when APP is found in all of us, it causes problems only in a few.

Perhaps, Bearer speculates, when the APP is co-opted by the herpes virus, the APP breaks down at a location where it would not normally appear and at a very different rate. "When APP piles up around neurons, the neurons die," she explains. "But we don't yet know if this is a secondary or a primary cause of Alzheimer's."

"At this point, of course, we don't yet know whether herpes plays a causal role in Alzheimer's disease," DeGiorgis notes. "But our research does provide some interesting new insight into both diseases."

A paper outlining the findings of the Brown/MBL researchers titled "Fast Anterograde Transport of Herpes Simplex Virus: Role of Amyloid Precursor Protein" will appear in the December issue of Aging Cell, published by Blackwell Publishing in England and at the publisher's "OnlineEarly" site [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/toc/ace].

Satpute-Krishnan, the first author of the paper, is a graduate student in Brown's Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry Graduate Program. Bearer, who holds both an M.D. and a Ph.D., is an experimental pathologist. DeGiorgis, who earned his Ph.D. in Bearer's lab last year, is now with the National Institutes of Health.

Experiments in this study were conducted in the giant axon of squid, a model widely used in research because with a diameter of nearly a millimeter it is 1,000 times thicker than a human axon. Researchers are able to inject substances into the giant axon and then observe the behavior of those substances through high-powered microscopes.

"It is pretty extraordinary that breakthroughs in Alzheimer's disease and in the pathogenesis of herpes virus should be made using the squid of the North Atlantic sea," notes Bearer.

Last summer Brown University and the Marine Biological Laboratory formalized their alliance for teaching and research. The affiliation between the two institutions established the Brown-MBL Graduate Program in Biological and Environmental Sciences. In addition, it will promote faculty exchanges and research collaborations, such as the one conducted by Satpute-Krishnan, DeGiorgis and Bearer.

###The affiliation between MBL and Brown takes advantage of the geographic proximity of the two institutions, uniting their faculty expertise in biology and medicine, particularly for molecular biology, genomics, ecosystems studies, environmental science, global infectious diseases, neuroscience and public health. Student recruitment for the Brown-MBL Graduate Program got under way this fall, with the first students expected to begin their studies next year.

MBL is an internationally known, independent, nonprofit institution dedicated to improving the human condition through creative research and education in the biological, biomedical and environmental sciences. Founded in 1888, the MBL is the oldest private marine laboratory in the Western Hemisphere



Researchers working on cerebral palsy vaccine  http://www.skynews.com.au/health/article.asp?id=166498
 
 Researchers working on cerebral palsy vaccine
 
 Australian researchers are developing a vaccine to prevent one of the most common forms of physical disability. Cerebral Palsy has always been blamed on lack of oxygen at birth but researchers now believe it's caused by the herpes virius, passed on from the mother to the foetus. The virus attacks developing nerve cells in the baby's brain and while most can fight it off but about 1 in 500 have gene mutations which lower their immunity. There is currently no way to prevent disorder but researchers at the Women's and Children's Hospital in Sydney are working on a vaccine which could be given to teenage girls to immunise them against herpes virus. They're also working on how to repair the faulty genes.